Chapter 9 The Biologically Relevant Lipid Mesophases as “Seen” by X-Rays
作者： Michael Rappolt
DOI: 10.1016/S1554-4516(06)05009-5
关键词: Biological membrane 、 Liquid crystal 、 Hexagonal phase 、 Micellar cubic 、 Lipid bilayer phase behavior 、 Monolayer 、 Lamellar structure 、 Materials science 、 Crystallography 、 Membrane
摘要: Abstract The biologically significant state of membranes is the fluid crystalline state. As most liquid crystal compounds, lipid display a rich polymorphism. However, only few phases are relevant. In this review, I give an overview all mesophases which play role in nature and illustrate how X-ray-scattering techniques contribute to determination their structural as well mechanical properties. This includes know about lipid/water composition, monolayer thickness, interfacial area per lipid, molecular shape, membrane curvatures, bending rigidity. Under excess water condition – biological four types stable exist, i.e., lamellar phase Lα, bicontinuous cubic phases, columnar inverted hexagonal HII, further one micellar phase. Besides these, brief description so-called “mesh” phase, has been recently suggested be host for fusion stalk intermediate.
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