Influence of climate change on the abundance, distribution and phenology of woodland bird species in temperate regions: Climate change and woodland birds

摘要: There is now overwhelming evidence that an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases Earth's atmosphere has caused global temperatures to by 0.6 °C since 1900 and further increases between 1.4 5.8 °C are predicted over next century. Changes climatic conditions have already influenced demography, phenology distribution a wide range plant animal taxa. This review focuses on impacts, both observed potential, climate change birds breeding temperate woodlands Western Palaearctic, significant proportion which currently declining. ambient patterns precipitation may direct indirect effects survival rates productivity bird species, thus influencing population sizes. For some species or populations, timing events such as egg-laying return from wintering grounds also changing relation shifts peak food availability during season. The degree different individuals able track these temporal changes will bearing sizes distributions future. Unless active management steps taken, relatively low dispersal tree lead decrease total area woodland habitat types losses at southern edge likely occur much more quickly than expansion northern edge. In addition, many themselves low, could affect their ability move new patches if occupied areas become unsuitable. Thus, be particularly susceptible impacts change.