Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections—Neurological Manifestations

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and neurological manifestations. It reveals that acquired syndrome (AIDS) described in 1981 was caused by the retrovirus type 1 (HIV-1). AIDS may also develop infection with antigenically different West African variant HIV 2 (HIV-2), whose nucleic acid sequences are 40% homologous to those of HIV-1. The exact role HIV-2 pathogenesis associated disease is yet be determined. Both HIV-1 members lentivirus family retroviruses. diagnosis relies detection antibodies ELISA method Western blot as confirmatory test. Specific usually detectable four weeks three months after infection. infects nervous system early course evidence for this lies variety seroconverting presentations have been described, well cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities found asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals. discusses HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD), HIV-l vacuolar myelopathy, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, others.