Mammal responses to the human footprint vary across species and stressors.

摘要: A rapidly expanding human footprint - comprised of anthropogenic land-use change and infrastructure is profoundly affecting wildlife distributions worldwide. Cumulative effects management (CEM) a regional approach that seeks to manage combined the on biodiversity across large spatial scales. Challenges implementing this include lack ecological data at scales, high cost monitoring multiple indicators, need footprints industries. To inform development effective CEM, we used mammals as indicators address following questions: a) do species respond more strongly individual features or cumulative (combined area all types, measured total footprint), b) which elicit strongest responses species, c) are direction consistent? We from 12 years snowtrack surveys (2001-2013) in boreal forest Alberta, coupled with landcover data, develop generalized linear mixed-effects models relating relative abundance five [gray wolf (Canis lupus), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), coyote latrans), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) moose (Alces alces)] footprint. found were agriculture, roads, young cutblocks (<10 years), suggesting these potential priority stressors within CEM. Most also responded footprint, indicating absence detailed information features, coarse measure can serve an index effects. There was variability magnitude community-level likely should be considered CEM planning.