Emission factors for heavy metals from diesel and petrol used in European vehicles

摘要: Abstract: Heavy metals constitute an important group of persistent toxic pollutants occurring in ambient air and other media. One the suspected sources these atmosphere is combustion transport fuels road vehicles. However estimates emissions from vehicles as reported national emission inventories show a very high variability factors used. This paper provides quality data on concentrations heavy derives default these. The discusses values against presently by Parties to LRTAP Convention. measured petrol diesel fuel between different samples taken at gas stations throughout Europe. Metal vary over two orders magnitude, but all remain ppb region (a few tenths hundred for metals). frequency distributions measurements could be approximated lognormal distributions. We not detect significant difference countries. based derived this study are compared with those related lubricant use published Winther Slento (2010). For most HMs studied here, would lead fourfold increase tailpipe concentrations. factors, including 95 percent confidence intervals were statistical analysis survey data. proposed generally lower than previously factors. National vehicle exhaust, estimated therefore many cases considerably countries source.