Human–wildlife interactions in urban areas: a review of conflicts, benefits and opportunities

摘要: Wildlife has existed in urban areas since records began. However, the discipline of ecology is relatively new and one that undergoing rapid growth. All wildlife will interact with humans to some degree. With rates urbanisation increasing globally, there a pressing need understand type nature human–wildlife interactions within environments, help manage, mitigate or even promote these interactions. Much research attention focussed on core topic conflict. This inherent bias literature probably driven by ease which it can be quantified assessed. Human–wildlife conflicts terms disease transmission, physical attack property damage are important topics understand. Equally, benefits becoming increasingly recognised, despite being harder quantify generalise. may contribute provision ecosystem services areas, recent work shown how provide range health wellbeing. More needed improve understanding this area, requiring biologists other disciplines including economics, public health, sociology, ethics, psychology planning. There always control populations certain situations reduce an urbanised resource-constrained world, we learn manage risks from ways, maximise diverse living bring.