Exploring the implications of recreational disturbance on an endangered butterfly using a novel modelling approach

摘要: Site and wildlife managers globally are under increasing pressure to implement management strategies that address the negative implications of outdoor recreational activities on wildlife. For many rare isolated species any anthropogenic cause disturbance could potentially be detrimental existing populations. Understanding how non-consumptive recreation can influence a may therefore critical its preservation. We developed novel approach specifically this need. Using combination field surveys simulation modelling exercises, we (1) explored responses endangered Karner blue butterflies (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) recreation, (2) assessed whether such influenced oviposition rate and/or host plant choice (3) tested alternative alleviate impacts recreation. Our confirmed blues were sensitive disturbance. Butterflies flushed at similar speeds distances from recreationists (2.2 m 0.17 m/s), as they would natural threats, predators 0.19 m/s). Incorporating female response parameters into model revealed regular reduce egg laying potential significantly restrict choice, which in turn, impact butterfly’s population dynamics. However, established it was possible effectively offset using our approach. example, extending breeding habitat trails other public rights way has study demonstrates conservation concern should not overlooked.