Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

摘要: Background Despite the popularity of low–glycemic index (GI) and high-protein diets, to our knowledge no randomized, controlled trials have systematically compared their relative effects on weight loss cardiovascular risk. Methods A total 129 overweight or obese young adults (body mass index, ≥25 [calculated as in kilograms divided by square height meters]) were assigned 1 4 reduced-fat, high-fiber diets for 12 weeks. Diets 2 high carbohydrate (55% energy intake), with low GIs, respectively; 3 protein (25% respectively. The glycemic load was highest diet lowest 4. Changes weight, body composition, blood chemistry profile studied. Results While all groups lost a similar mean ± SE percentage (diet 1, −4.2% ± 0.6%; 2, −5.5% ± 0.5%; 3, −6.2% ± 0.4%; 4, −4.8% ± 0.7%; P  = .09), proportion subjects each group who 5% more varied significantly 31%; 56%; 66%; 33%;  = .01). Women approximately 80% fat (−4.5 ± 0.5 [mean ± SE] kg −4.6 ± 0.5 kg) than those (−2.5 ± 0.5 kg;  = .007). Mean ± SE low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels declined (−6.6 ± 3.9 mg/dL [−0.17 ± 0.10 mmol/L]) but increased (+10.0 ± 3.9 [+0.26 ± 0.10 mmol/L];  = .02). Goals distribution not achieved exactly: both ate less fat, fiber. Conclusion Both low-GI regimens increase loss, risk reduction is optimized high-carbohydrate, diet. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00254215