An experimental study to characterize the initiation of the seismic-induced Tsaoling rock avalanche

摘要: Abstract The Tsaoling rock avalanche, which had a sliding volume of 120 million m3 and maximum thickness 170 m, was triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999. However, initiation mechanism has not been well understood because different friction models have proposed to describe triggering process using Newmark model numerical simulations. In this study, new dynamic ring-shear test with normal stress higher than 3400 kPa is applied as an alternative approach investigate seismic-induced avalanche along wet surface at interface Cholan sandstone consolidated remold shale. Experimental results verify that seismic stresses touch failure generate significant cumulative shear displacements. Additionally, should non-linear criteria rather well-known linear Mohr-Coulomb constant angle. Furthermore, time obtained from strongly correlated available signal interpretations interviews witnesses who travelled mass. This first experiment clarifying co-seismic behavior landslide during earthquake. development test, integrations high stress, sandstone/shale interface, loadings greatly extend use tests avalanches.