Factors Affecting the Bioavailability of Chemicals

摘要: Bioavailability, uptake, metabolism, storage, and excretion of chemicals constitute toxicokinetics. Bioavailability is the potential for uptake a substance by living organism. It usually expressed as fraction that can be taken up organism in relation to total amount available. In pharmacology, bioavailability ratio compound circulation after its extravenous application intravenous injection. aquatic toxicology, environmental relevant. Factors affecting chemical depend on route whether bottom sediment, dissolved water, or constituent organisms. case water-soluble substances, primary source toxicant depends complex formation, especially with humic substances. Even when substances are sediment bound, they reside mainly pore water. Lipid-soluble from other The water decreases increasing lipophilicity organic carbon colloids phase. With regard both properties (e.g. grain size) material affect bioavailability. main abiotic factors oxygenation pH. As an example, metal speciation, bioavailability, very much