Elasmosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) neck flexibility: Implications for feeding strategies

摘要: Elasmosaurs were extremely long-necked, aquatic reptiles that used four flippers for locomotion. Their distinctive long neck distinguishes them from all other Mesozoic forms, yet the potential uses and constraints of this structure are poorly understood, particularly with regard to feeding. Several associated series elasmosaurian cervical vertebrae measure ranges flexion. Two-dimensional models, based on a complete specimen Late Cretaceous elasmosaur Aphrosaurus furlongi, created mobility in both vertical horizontal planes. Accuracy models was assessed through comparative analyses currently extant vertebrate analogues (e.g. snake, turtle, seal). Results suggest capable 75-177 degrees ventral, 87-155 dorsal, 94-176 lateral range movement depending upon thickness cartilage reconstructed between each vertebra. Neck postures such as 'swan-like' S-shape shown be implausible because they require >360 However, maintenance straight while swimming, together considerable and/or ventral during prey capture feeding feasible.