21 Using Naturalistic Driving Research to Design, Test and Evaluate Driver Assistance Systems

摘要: Naturalistic driving research is the in situ investigation of driver performance and behavior. Video cameras a suite sensors are installed on participants own vehicles used to continuously record driver, vehicle, environment over an extended period time. The collected data typically span hundreds thousands vehicle-miles-traveled provide ‘‘instant replay’’ rare occurrence safetycritical events. method supports representative design experiments, where drivers, vehicles, sampled conditions which results applied. Driving Studies (NDS) effective tool for design, testing, evaluation assistance systems. This because they can support various stages user-center systems process. First, NDSs help determine what drivers need from new system by allowing researchers assess error contributing safety-critical Secondly, approach serve testing working prototypes, ‘‘natural’’ behavior with candidate observed. Thirdly, novel test criteria, such as drivers’ rate involvement events, be evaluate systems’ effectiveness at improving performance. their role described this chapter. 1 What Is Research? That is, observed it occurs full context real-world driving. consists installing video recording time (e.g., 4 weeks, year). Because not given any instructions there little interaction between them experimenter, produced datasets vehicle-milestraveled, facilitating seconds leading up event (> Fig. 21.1, example, shows rapidly decelerated he was cut off lead vehicle). Furthermore, scientific hypotheses tested using experiments (Hammond Stewart 2001). dataset heavily affected environment, interesting insight how adapt changing environmental conditions. research, instrumented pioneered Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) 1984 (Dingus 2008). > Figure 21.2 first vehicle camera VTTI. quickly evolved 1989 2005, part miniaturization hardware