Recent advances in malariology.

摘要: Some of the notable advances in malariology past quarter century have been (1) discovery residual insecticides which ushered era malaria eradication and led to concept global disease; (‘2) synthesis antimalarial drugs, their use chemoprophylaxis chemotherapy malarias appreciation values limitations; (3) exe. erythrocytic stages life cycle parasites; (4) rodent plasmodial parasites successful transmission through mosquitoes; (5) emergence drug-resistant plasmodia insecticide-resistant mosquitoes some understanding genetics; (6) human monkeys vice versa; disclosure multiple new facets simian malarias; (7) recognition intricate structure electron microscopy; (8) identification abnormal hemoglobins enzyme-deficient erythrocytes relation both metabolism drugs; (9) application immunologic biochemical procedures study pathophysiology immunology malaria; (10) establishment World Health Organization (WHO) other national international agencies correlate endeavors dealing with health nations. The mechanism action drugs remains obscure. efficacy is largely dependent on following factors: dosage; rapidity drug absorption; degree concentration plasma, tissues; rate degradation excretion drug: immune status host; species geographical races involved. People differ greatly reactions a specific infection given course medication. Malaria more severe refractory chemotherapeutic agents nonimmune subjects than natives. Nonimmune primary infections require larger doses over longer period time those relapse. Drug-host determine outcome any therapy. Of several 4-aminoquinolines available, chloroquine amodiaquin are still adequate for malarias. Patients relapsing can best be treated by once daily administration 15 mg. primaquine base fourteen consecutive days concurrent (1,500 orally three days). Resistance may an innate genetic feature parasite, or it induced exposure subeffective single one another combination drugs. Currently treatment chloroquine-resistant falciparum encountered South Vietnam regimen quinine, pyrimethamine 4,4’-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). Through conjoined efforts governments, Organization, Rockefeller Foundation agencies, has eradicated from many countries. Nevertheless, 638 million people live parts world disease endemic. It possible control even eradicate these endemic foci judicious antimalarials, antilarval measures, drainage, spraying suppressive chemoprophylaxis. Global determined dedicated goal WHO.