Macroecology of macrophytes in the freshwater realm: Patterns, mechanisms and implications

摘要: Abstract Broad-scale studies of species distributions and diversity have contributed to the emergence general macroecological rules. These rules are typically founded on research using well-known terrestrial taxa as models it is thus uncertain whether aquatic macrophytes follow these Our purpose draw together available information from broad-scale growing in lakes, ponds, wetlands, rivers streams. We summarize how different fit patterns shown by freshwater plants at various spatial scales. Finally, we outline future actions which should be taken advance plants. review suggested that some relatively well-evidenced for macrophytes, whereas little exists others. found, example, richness-latitude relationship follows a unimodal pattern, turnover prevails over nestedness, higher nestedness-related richness differences found low beta regions. Contrary plants, climate or history seem not dominant determinants explaining patterns; instead local explanatory variables (e.g., water quality, such alkalinity nutrients, hydromorphology) often important identified several knowledge gaps related, smaller number lotic habitats, compared with lentic lack spatially-adequate plant studies, deficiency comprehensive traits databases absence true phylogeny comprising most lineages. hope this will encourage undertaking additional investigations across broad temporal