High-level virtual reality simulator for endourologic procedures of lower urinary tract

摘要: Abstract Objectives To analyze the limitations of existing simulators for urologic techniques, and then test evaluate a novel virtual reality (VR) simulator endourologic procedures lower urinary tract. Surgical simulation using VR has potential to have tremendous impact on surgical training, testing, certification. Endourologic seem be an ideal target systems. Methods The URO-Trainer features genuine VR, obtained from digital video footage more than 400 diagnostic therapeutic procedures, as well data cross-sectional imaging. software offers infinite random variations anatomy pathologic diagnosis intervention. An advanced haptic force feedback is incorporated. Virtual cystoscopy resection bladder tumors were evaluated by 24 medical students 12 residents at our department. Results system was assessed 150 international urologists with varying experience different conventions workshops March 2003 September 2004. Because these evaluations constant evolutions, final version provides representation procedures. Objective are generated tutoring that documented evident teaching benefits in treatment tumors. Conclusions represents latest generation endoscopy simulators. Authentic visual sensations, unlimited cases, intelligent make this modular important improvement computer-based training quality control urology.