Assessments on emergy and greenhouse gas emissions of internal combustion engine automobiles and electric automobiles in the USA.
作者： Ran Jing , Chen Yuan , Hamidreza Rezaei , Jin Qian , Zhen Zhang
DOI: 10.1016/J.JES.2019.11.017
关键词: Manufacturing process 、 Environmental engineering 、 Industrial area 、 Energy consumption 、 Environmental science 、 Emergy 、 Sustainability 、 Internal combustion engine 、 Greenhouse gas
摘要: Abstract Increasing energy consumption in the transportation sector results challenging greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental problems. This paper involved integrated assessments on GHG emergy of life cycle for internal combustion engine (ICE) electric automobiles USA over entire assumed fifteen-year lifetime. The hotspots as well indices major processes automobile within defined system boundaries have been investigated. potential strategies reducing both ICE were further proposed. Based current results, total from are 4.48E + 07 kg CO2-e which is 320 times higher than that automobiles. hotspot area operation phase manufacturing process, respectively. Interesting observed comparable calculated 1.54E 17 2.20E sej, Analysis index evidenced a better sustainability due to its ESI. To authors’ knowledge, it first time integrate analysis together with industrial engineering. It expected integration may provide comprehensive perspective eco-industrial
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