Genetic homogeneity in face of morphological heterogeneity in the harbor porpoises from the Black Sea and adjacent waters

摘要: Abstract Isolated from North Atlantic populations, the Black Sea harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena relicta) is listed as Endangered due to massive population decline triggered by historical hunting, and subsequently through fisheries bycatch, other human activities. Of paramount importance for its conservation, characterization of structure. While morphological heterogeneity suggested subdivision, previous genetic studies have failed find any differences. Here, we investigated structure 144 porpoises sampled opportunistically across entire subspecies range including Aegean, Marmara, Black, Azov Seas. Genetic variation one-fourth mitochondrial genome, in combination with analysis ten microsatellite loci revealed a nearly complete homogeneity. simulations show that this inability reject panmixia does not stem lack power (power detect FST 0.008). A time-lag effect limiting our ability subdivision also unlikely when effective size low, case here. For now, among adjacent waters cannot be rejected. Population may well exist, but conclusive evidence would require an improved sampling providing suitable contrasts (e.g., age, sex, season). Also, genome scale study access neutral selected reveal cryptic differentiation indicative ecologically subdivisions. As precautionary approach, definition management units should based on obtained multidisciplinary approaches rather than just genetics.