On the Occurrence of Echinus esculentus on the Foreshore in the British Isles

摘要: Echinus esculentus, the larger common sea-urchin, occurs in British Isles between tide-marks on rocky shores at about low-water spring-tide level localities given Table I, page 292. It is, however, absent from apparently suitable foreshores Plymouth district, for reasons which are discussed present paper. Chadwick (1) states that “In Port Erin Bay it may be collected by hand beach, and ruined breakwater low water of spring tides.” Elmhirst (2) records this district (Millport) E. esculentus abundantly early summer coasts; a few found almost any other season. About February or March shoreward migration seems to set in, so weather conditions some hundreds springs April June. Then their abundance decreases until November,from when January is minimum.”