Epidemiology of Glioma

摘要: Giomas constitute a broad class of neuroectodermal tumours believed to originate from sustentacular neuroglial cells (Kleihues and Cavenee 2000). Astrocytomas form the largest group gliomas (>75%) glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is most common type astrocytoma (CBTRUS 2011). Gliomas that share histologic characteristics with ependymal or oligodendrocyte are named ependymomas oligodendrogliomas, but may not necessarily aforementioned cell types Mixed include those which consist more than one glia type. For example, oligodendroglial (as defined by some neuropathologists) GBM an oligodendroglioma component generally have significantly worse clinical outcome overall (Louis et al 2007). Another mixed glioma oligoastrocytoma, contains both astrocyte cells. The Third Edition International Classification Diseases for oncology (ICD-O-3) widely used categorize histology (e.g., malignant glioma=9380, ependymoma NOS=9391, astrocytoma=9430, NOS=9440, NOS=9450) (Fritz Furthermore, grouped site in ICD-O-3 system using Ccodes cerebrum=C71.0, frontal lobal=C71.1, temporal lobe=C71.2, parietal lobe=C71.3, occipital lobe=C71.4, ventricle=C71.5, cerebellum=C71.6, spinal cord=C72.0). World Health Organization (WHO) also has developed classification index grades disease prognosis (I=best IV=worst) (Kliehues 1993). Recent additions “WHO Tumours” Grade I angiocentric (predominantly occurring children young adults fronto-parietal cortex, lobe, hippocampal region), II – pilomyxoid (typically infants hypothalamic/chiasmatic region) Additionally, WHO recognized divergent pattern small characterized EGFR amplification, p16INK4a homozygous deletion, PTEN mutations, LOH 10q