Effects of the Torrefaction Conditions on the Fixed-Bed Pyrolysis of Norway Spruce

摘要: Fixed-bed pyrolysis of Norway spruce wood previously subjected to torrefaction at temperatures between 533 and 583 K retention times 8 25 min was studied. Although the thermal pretreatment always results in an increased production char expense volatile products, appropriate conditions give rise maximum percentages anhydrosugars, guaiacols possessing a carbonyl group, phenols liquid fraction. Other carbohydrates (e.g., acetic acid, formic hydroxyacetaldehyde, hydroxypropanone, furfural, furfuryl alcohol) large majority show continuously decreasing values. The carbon monoxide dioxide gas product remain approximately same, but that methane slightly increases. torrefied are lower than those raw material, mainly because partial or complete absence exothermic contribution associated with extractives hemicellulose degradation.