Hallucinations Associated with Neurological Disorders and Sensory Loss

摘要: Hallucinations occur in a great variety of neurological conditions and are facilitated by sensory loss. The common end pathway their pathophysiology involves the activation cortical areas implicated normal ­processing. Based on presumed pathophysiology, we here classify hallucinations four main groups. In migraine aura epilepsy, result from spontaneous intrinsic overactivity hyperexcitable areas. Deafferentation, i.e. loss or impairment input, facilitates corresponding modality, probably leading to chronic hyperexcitability archetypal example this mechanism is Charles Bonnet syndrome, where associated with visual impairment. A third relies dissociation dream sleep mechanism, as illustrated hypnagogic hypnopompic hallucinations. Finally, course neurodegenerative diseases such Parkinson’s disease dementia Lewy bodies, frequent combination factors, including dysfunction both bottom–up processing top–down modulatory mechanisms, well intrusion phenomena facilitating pharmacological factors.