Growth factors and the regulation of fetal growth

摘要: Fetal growth demands a coordinated increase in size of the fetus and placenta, both are determined, part, by locally produced peptide factors. The availability factors to individual tissues may be due local changes gene expression, but it is also controlled proteolytic release from extracellular matrix stores. Members fibroblast factor (FGF) family stored within basement membranes, while insulin-like (IGFs) association with specific binding proteins (IGFBPs). Insulin major trophic hormone utero, pancreatic beta-cell mass determined IGF-II members FGF family. mitogenic effects on beta-cells IGFBPs, which themselves expressed distinct ontogeny islets Langerhans. Overexpression or IGFBP-I can result nesidioblastosis. Shortly after birth rodents, many destroyed process apoptosis simultaneously replaced as neogenesis. This enrich pancreas suited metabolic postnatal life. wave coincides dramatic decrease expression IGF-II. These events functionally linked, because exogenous will protect isolated cytokine-induced apoptosis. FGF-2 widely fetal an important regulator placental angiogenesis. appears maternal circulation during pregnancy, peak values late 2nd trimester. It associated circulating protein derived domain FGFR1 receptor. Levels serum correlate positively trimester at term. placenta its presence blood elevated pregnancies complicated diabetes greatest diabetic retinopathy. Thus, useful indicator development risk pathology diabetes.