The adolescent brain at risk for substance use disorders: a review of functional MRI research on motor response inhibition

摘要: Youth with family history (FH+) of substance use disorders (SUDs) are at increased risk for developing SUDs. Similarly, childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is considered to be a factor Recent research has suggested close association between SUDs and impaired inhibitory control. As such, it crucial examine common distinct neural alterations associated control in these at-risk groups, particularly prior the initiation heavy use. This paper reviews functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature two youth populations (FH+ ADHD), specifically considering studies that used motor response inhibition tasks (Go/No-Go or Stop Signal). Across selected fMRI studies, we discovered no alteration but found specific each group. In FH+ who transitioned into use, blunted activation lateral part frontal pole (FP-lat) was most reliably observed. Importantly, longitudinal indicate FP-lat may predict later SUDs, irrespective presence FH+. regards ADHD, observed right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) left caudate. Of note, similar dACC also reported by one study, thus, cannot preclude possibility activity potential both given limited number current review. Research challenges remain, large-scale, efforts will help determine neurobiological markers predictive among adolescents, including those FH+, as well ADHD other psychiatric disorders.