Grid interconnection of renewable energy sources: Spanish legislation

摘要: Abstract The present production and use of energy are causing depletion resources serious environmental problems. Accordingly, more countries examining a whole range new policies technology issues to make their futures “sustainable,” thus increasing governmental incentives for providers utility mandates incorporate significant levels renewable resources. Hand-in-hand with the sustainable development initiative, in recent years concept “Smart Grid” delivery consumers has emerged. Existing distribution networks were not designed accept extensive distributed generation (DG). actual paradigm may change near future impelled by worldwide DG penetration grids. This paper presents status content Spanish legislation on DG. Fundamental considerations first discussed, exclusively regarding grid-interconnection requirement. also analyses relationship between that guidelines recognized international standard systematic way. Major requirement areas include general specifications, safety protection strategies, power quality requirements. study reveals diversity requirements grid connection coexisting, considering both national context; this stresses urgent need harmonization. It is interesting note Spain (as most European countries), protections LV photovoltaic systems defined but rest technologies low voltage. Thus, one could conclude from probably important barriers lack adequate procedures.