Interaction of Sex of Subject and Dependency-Training Procedures in a Social-Reinforcement Study.

摘要: Research workers who have adopted a learning-theory approach to developmental phenomena (e.g., Bandura and Walters, 1959, 1963; Ge wirtz, 1961; Sears, Alpert, Rau, 1965; Maccoby, Levin, 1957; Whiting, Nowlis, 1953) hypothe sized that three parental child-training characteristics are conducive the development of children's dependency behavior: (1) permissive ness for dependency; (2) reward behavior; (3) frustration behavior. Supporting evidence con cerning role second third these has been obtained from number laboratory studies Gewirtz, 1954; wirtz Baer, 1958a, 1958b; Roth, 1958; Hartup, Nelson, 1960) some extent field practices Bandura, 1960; 1959; et al., 1953, 1957, 1965). A positive relationship between behavior may at first seem paradoxical (Sears, 1963); however, it implied, if not always explicitly stated, this rela tionship occurs only children already acquired habit through reinforcement is intermittent tively brief 1953). Laboratory operations simulating real-life involved nurturant inter action an experimenter child subjects, followed by nurturance withdrawal or punishment Parke 1967);