DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-IMMUNOL-032414-112056
关键词: CD4 antigen 、 Cell biology 、 Cellular differentiation 、 Antigen-presenting cell 、 Biology 、 T cell differentiation 、 Natural killer T cell 、 Acquired immune system 、 Immunology 、 IL-2 receptor 、 Cytotoxic T cell
摘要: CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response by providing help to B and cytotoxic releasing different types of cytokines tissues mediate protection against wide range pathogenic microorganisms. These functions are performed Th endowed with distinct migratory capacities effector functions. Here we discuss how studies human cell microbes have advanced our understanding functional heterogeneity, particular discovery Th1 subset involved Mycobacteria characterization two Th17 specific for extracellular bacteria or fungi. We also review new approaches dissect at clonal level induced pathogens vaccines that revealed an unexpected degree intraclonal diversification propose progressive selective model differentiation.