From the first mist of liquid oxygen to nuclear ordering: Anecdotes from the history of refrigeration

摘要: This is a mainly anecdotal account of some selected chapters from the 100 years history refrigeration. Much it based on my own personal experiences and, consequently, far being balanced story. I begin with first liquefaction oxygen and try to show that experiments Cailletet Pictet were forerunners all future cryogenic methods, even magnetic nuclear cooling. The origins cooling its experimental realizations are recalled next, followed by brief descriptions idiosyncratically chosen episodes 20 cooling. part paper ends purely assessment achievements future. Nuclear treated in same way but there one difference: most not ancient modern I have therefore made only passing references latest developments, leaving practitioners tell their story.