The Competitive Ethos and Democratic Education

摘要: Young children and even infants work hard at mastering various kills show spontaneous pleasure their own accomplishment. John Nicholls explores the conditions that cause students to lose unselfconscious involvement in a game or task become concerned with how they are stacking up against others. Charting development of s concepts luck, effort, ability, he argues age increasingly prone take superiority over others as definition success. An emphasis on interpersonal competition, which permeates Western society, exacerbates this egotistical tendency results diminished accomplishment alienation from school.To overcome these problems, argues, we must little for whom absorption exploration come naturally, when those around them more competent. This ideal is unlikely be promoted through technical approaches education, by current role education economic development. Instead, calls progressive approach education. Difficult though it implement, most likely increase equality motivation intellectual development, substantial accomplishment, satisfaction work, productive relations These important ideas anyone interested achievement motivation, professionally involved nonspecialists in, worried about, educate our children."