Animal Acoustic Communication: Sound Analysis and Research Methods

摘要: Chapter 1 Acoustic Signals of Animals: Recording, Field Measurements, Analysis and Description H. C. Gerhardt Introduction 2 Recordings Measurements 2.1 Equipment 2.2 On-Site 2.3 Signal Amplitude, Directionality, Background Noise Levels 2.4 Patterns Sound Propagation in Natural Habitats 3 Laboratory Animal Sounds 3.1 Terminology 3.2 Temporal Spectral Analysis: Some General Principles 4 Examples Descriptions Analyses 4.1 Properties Pulsatile Calls 4.2 Amplitude-Time Envelopes 4.3 Relationships between Fine-Scale 4.4 Spectrally Complex 5 Summary References.- Digital Acquisition Representation M. Clements Processing Major Applications DSP Definition Systems Difference Equations Filter Frequency Response Unit-Sample Characterization Frequency-Domain Interpretation 3.3 Conversion Between Analog Data Forms The Sampling Theorem Recovery by Filtering Fourier Transform Relations Effects Rates 4.5 Reconstruction Fundamental Techniques 5.1 Power Spectra 5.2 Time Resolution 5.3 Windows 5.4 Smoothing 5.5 Discrete 5.6 Correlation 5.7 Autocorrelation 5.8 Cross-correlation 5.9 Spectrograms 6 An Intoduction to Advanced Topics 6.1 6.2 Linear Prediction 6.3 Homomorphic 7 Summary.- Analysis, Editing, Synthesis K. Beeman Time-Varying Amplitude Gate Functions Spectrum Features Measuring Similarity Among Other Spectrographic Spectrogram Generation Display Parameter Classification Naturally Occurring Ideal 6.1.1 Periodicity 6.1.2 Modulation 6.1.3 6.1.4 Biologically Relevant Types Time-varying 7.1 Deriving Contours 7.2 Sound-similarity Comparison 8 8.1 Editing 8.2 Arithmetic Manipulation 8.3 Models 8.3.1 Tonal Model 8.4 Sources A 8.4.1 Mathematically Based 8.4.2 Derived from 9 9.1 Duration Scaling 9.2 Amplitude-Envelope Manipulations 9.3 9.3.1 Shifting 9.3.2 9.4 Biological 9.4.1 Polytonal 9.4.2 Pulse-Repetition 9.4.3 Harmonic 9.4.4 Noisy 9.5 Miscellaneous 9.5.1 Template 9.5.2 Removal 10 Application Filters Bioacoustics P. Stoddard Uses Cautions Anatomy Performance a Various Antialiasing Antiimaging A/D Requires an Lowpass Choosing D/A also Filters: Passive Versus Active Components