Heterologous immunity: an overlooked barrier to tolerance.

摘要: In less than 50 years the field of organ transplantation has transitioned from an experimental concept to clinical commonplace. Notwithstanding dramatic improvements in patient and allograft outcomes, chronic rejection complications life-long immunosuppressive therapy remain significant problems. The induction tolerance, indefinite acceptance independent therapy, remains ultimate objective transplantation. Many strategies have achieved tolerance transplanted tissue rodents; however, few, if any, shown equal efficacy when tested non-human primate transplant models or human patients. A critical distinction between specific pathogen-free mice primates patients is exposure latter environmental pathogens resultant-acquired immune history. Recent data that virally induced, alloreactive responses can provide a potent barrier tolerance. this review, we discuss one most robust methods for hematopoietic chimerism as well influence viral infections on alloimmune response.