Disease Risk Assessments Involving Companion Animals: an Overview for 15 Selected Pathogens Taking a European Perspective

摘要: Prioritization of companion animal transmissible diseases was performed by the Companion Animals multisectoriaL interprofessionaL Interdisciplinary Strategic Think tank On zoonoses (CALLISTO) project. The project considered occurring in domesticated species commonly kept as pets, such dogs and cats, but also included captive wild animals production species. prioritization process led to selection 15 prime public health relevance, agricultural economic importance, or both. An analysis made current knowledge on risk occurrence transmission these among animals, from man (zoonoses) livestock. literature scanned for assessments diseases. Studies were classified import (IRAs) factor analyses (RFAs) endemic areas. For those pathogens that are absent Europe, only IRAs considered; present throughout RFAs considered. identified seven eight totally partially Europe. classical rabies alveolar echinococcosis found an increased introduction pathogen into officially disease-free areas a consequence abandoning national rules adopting harmonized EU pet travel. leishmaniosis focused associated with presence persistently infected new geographical areas, taking consideration disease establishment should competent vector arise. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever West Nile indicated likelihood via low. bluetongue paid no attention which case foot-and-mouth disease, be dealing factors become 14 Europe parts it. leptospirosis most numerous (four studies). host related 'age' significant at least two cystic giardiasis. Among husbandry healthcare factors, 'eating (uncooked) offal', 'being free roaming' 'poor deworming practice' echinococcosis, while 'having received recent veterinary treatment' studies infection extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing bacteria, one horses other cats. Finally, although environmental 'season' 'hydrological density' leptospirosis, inconsistent definitions used comparison study results problematic. considering people becoming human campylobacteriosis (n = 6). Most assessment whether keeping per se, supposed known relative risks. This allowed some report population attributable fraction incidence due (for campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis toxoplasmosis), is measure easy perceive laymen policy makers. No dealt food any investigated. Few method-based provided information their role source selected diseases, indicating clear gap. There not enough allow meta-analyses, animal-associated risk. Important method technology gaps lack harmonization given good diagnostics allowing identification taxonomic levels meaningful analysis. Molecular epidemiology zoonotic pathogens, potential found, would provide preliminary insights without requiring tracing interviews. In addition performing further take account issues, there need responsible ownership continued education professionals zoonoses. Additional more targeted actions reduce transferred will promote risk-awareness healthy human-animal relationships.