Degradation of organic compounds by acoustic cavitation and pulsed-power discharges

摘要: The exposure of organic chemical compounds to acoustically induced cavitation under various conditions in aqueous solution is studied. Emphasis given the degradation undesired present at relatively low concentration. The hydrolysis rate p-nitrophenylacetate enhanced sonicated when compared reaction ambient conditions. This enhancement ascribed transient existence supercritical water solutions. The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene shown depend on ultrasonic frequency and nature background gas. Degradation products include nitrite, nitrate, carbon dioxide, short-chain acids. Ultrasonic irradiation a mixture nitro- aminoaromatic leads competition substrates for reactive sites rates scale with electron density aromatic ring. The near-field parallel-plate acoustical processor investigated as an example large-scale treatment dilute waste stream. Energy intensity have pronounced effect overall p-nitrophenol. Most notably, maximum found be energy 1.2 W cm-2. Higher intensities decrease due decoupling from vibrating surface. Electrical underwater discharges electrical field strengths exhibit two distinct phases: pre-breakdown, or initiation period, actual discharge itself. length slope voltage transient, absolute relative losses during are function conductivity temperature circuit parameters. The plasma-arc occurring estimated (9000 ± 300) K.