Investigating patterns of animal domestication using ancient DNA

摘要: Animal domestication is a continuous but nonlinear evolutionary process that follows different paths (trajectories) of human-animal relationships. These vary in structure and intensity over time include processes like human intentionality (such as control taming wild animals), directed selection on behavioral phenotypic traits characters, human-mediated movement domestic herds across space (migration), wild-domestic admixture, adaptation. Because animals are continuously shaped through complex interaction these processes, gaining better understanding where, when how took place helps clarifying prehistory the practice domestication. Studies modern ancient DNA (aDNA) have recently disentangled history several species. studies often shown were far more than previously thought, encompassing one independent event, by migration admixture. Importantly, convincingly demonstrated inferring past (for example, place) from present (modern contemporary domesticates) biased comparatively recent events such breed formation. Ancient therefore key component reconstruction animal place. This thesis aims to shed new light pig chicken analysing extracted archaeological specimens Europe Near Middle East. First, I find much wider temporal geographical range secondly current reference framework for where pigs domesticated (wild boar mitochondrial phylogeography) must be revised. In addition, genetic variation chickens, great extent, result rather admixture strong driven selection. Overall, finds strengthen presumption signatures populations provide misleading estimates their history. Across genes species, therefore, this demonstrates effectiveness using resolving aspects domestication.