Urban design and the planning system in Aotearoa-New Zealand: Disjuncture or convergence?

摘要: This paper evaluates New Zealand's innovative urban design initiatives and the effectiveness of planning policy processes in achieving quality. A literature review explores country's unique cultural, legislative environmental context, including Resource Management Act (RMA), internationally trumpeted for its recognition sustainability aims early 1990s. Interviews with 50 key stakeholders drawn from a wide range interests probe impact implementation, Maori perspectives barriers to good design. The colonial heritage prioritising individual property rights RMA's emphasis on bio-physical effects have worked against strong tradition within public policy. However, examples are given recent at both national local levels that raising awareness encouraging improvement quality outcomes. Key determinants outcomes statutory plans their implementation through resource consents, wider capacity building challenging traditional mindsets. perspectives, which chime contemporary debates, represent major opportunity retaining identity. While highlighting issues Zealand, provides insights into shared other countries, adding comparative studying interface between planning.