Production of Chemicals in Supercritical Water

摘要: Supercritical water (SCW) is expected to be a green solvent for dissolving substances, chemical synthesis, or reactions, and thus various study has been carried out. Production of chemicals found possible in SCW. This chapter reviews the production terms feedstocks reactions. The can include biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose lignin), plastics, other wastes (e.g., tire, rubber), inorganics waste water. reactions SCW gasification (where hydrolysis pyrolysis take important roles), oxidation, depolymerization, precipitation, hydrothermal organic synthesis chemicals. In these roles H2O are: (1) Reactant/product (hydrolysis, hydration, hydrogen source free-radical chemistry) catalyst (Acid/base precursor transition state); (2) Intermolecular interactions high temperature water: Solvation effects (effects preferential solvation, hydrophobicity dynamics) density inhomogeneity (ions, compounds, noble gases radicals); (3) Medium: Energy transfer, diffusion cages phase behavior. However, low selectivity yield cost are barriers commercialization