The Error of Determination of Toxicity.

摘要: The determination of toxicity is usually given quantitative expression by the statement a minimal lethal dose. common use this in literature subject would logically involve assumptions that there dose, for any poison, which only just sufficient to kill all or most animals species, and doses very little smaller not species. Any worker, however, accustomed estimations toxicity, knows these do represent truth. How widely different real state affairs, not, I think, sufficiently recognised. fact “ dose,” whether calculated unit weight, surface area, on other basis, varies species has, perhaps, led looseness its definition one For accurate standardisation, biological methods, drugs are available chemically pure form, it essential establish more such terms as “minimal effective etc. Fig. 1 gives results injection four poisons into animals. abscissae proportional injected, scale obviously differing drugs, ordinates give percentage mortality each dose injected. number attached observed point represents injected determination. curves mortalities produced subcutaneous tincture digitalis frogs, intravenous cocaine hydrochloride mice (see also fig. 2 Table I), echitamine mice, dysentery toxin data last being taken from O’Brien, Sudmersen Runge (1924). A similar curve later (fig. 7) convulsions increasing insulin, obtained large numbers Shackell (1925) has published curves, relating varying poisons, wide range It suggested expressing mortality, some limiting effect, drug certain shall be called characteristic” particular drug, effect Thus, termed characteristic production insulin.