Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review.

摘要: Due to increased freshwater demand across the globe, seawater desalination has become technology of choice in augmenting water supplies many parts world. The use chemical disinfection is necessary plants for pre-treatment control both biofouling as well post-disinfection desalinated water. Although chlorine most commonly used disinfectant plants, its reaction with organic matter produces various by-products (DBPs) (e.g., trihalomethanes [THMs], haloacetic acids [HAAs], and haloacetonitriles [HANs]), some DBPs are regulated countries due their potential risks public health. To reduce formation chlorinated DBPs, alternative oxidants (disinfectants) such chloramines, dioxide, ozone can be considered, but they also produce other types DBPs. In addition, high levels bromide iodide concentrations seawater, highly cytotoxic genotoxic DBP species (i.e., brominated iodinated DBPs) may form distribution systems, especially when blended source waters having higher matter. This article reviews knowledge accumulated last few decades on during desalination, summarizes detail, occurrence thermal membrane involving different processes. review identifies current challenges future research needs controlling toxicity