Patterns of emotional responses to affective situations: Relations among happiness, sadness, anger, fear, depression, and anxiety.

摘要: Although emotion research and clinical practice often implicitly entail judgments about the patterns situational appropriateness of a person's emotional reactions, we have little empirical knowledge how emotions typically interrelate during various affective situations. To assess response to normative situations, questionnaire was constructed validated include items primarily eliciting one six (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, depression, anxiety) three intensities (low, moderate, high). A total 216 persons rated four forms on each categories. Each types situations generated significantly different emotion. As Izard (1972) predicted, depression elicited more complex than sadness including anxiety. In contrast, anxiety did not elicit fear Rather, evidence consistent with conclusion that is particular type Various other relations among specific are discussed, as well some subtle sex differences intensity effects. The data highlight sensitivity which assessment associated can produce new information nature experience.