Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis and management in older adults.

摘要: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in older adults is a complex disorder with several unique age-related aspects. Underlying changes lung function and poor sensitivity to bronchoconstriction hypoxia advancing age can place at greater risk of mortality or other complications from COPD. The establishment the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease criteria, which be effectively applied adults, has more rigorously defined diagnosis management An important component this approach use spirometry staging, procedure that performed most adults. COPD includes smoking cessation, influenza pneumococcal vaccinations, short-and long-acting bronchodilators. Unlike asthma, corticosteroid inhalers represent third-line option Combination therapy frequently required. When using various inhaler designs, it note especially those more-severe disease, may have inadequate inspiratory force some dry-powder inhalers, although many find easier than metered-dose inhalers. Other treatment options include rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, noninvasive positive airway pressure, depression osteopenia screening. Clinicians caring an acute exacerbation should also guard against prognostic pessimism. Although associated significant disability, there growing range assist patients.