SCHEDULE DELAY AND DEPARTURE TIME DECISIONS WITH HETEROGENEOUS COMMUTERS

摘要: The dynamics of morning rush-hour traffic congestion have been studied extensively in recent years. In most theoretical work, however, commuters are assumed to identical travel cost functions and face the same arrival-time constraints at work. this paper, we allow differ their time costs, starting costs incurred from early late arrival. Early rush hour, departure rate exceeds road capacity, causing a queue develop. Commuters order themselves systematically sequence minimize individual costs. which different groups depart is not necessarily efficient. A time-varying toll can be constructed eliminate queueing induce optimal departure. Travel-cost savings such tolls capacity investments computed. Estimated benefits generally biased if computed using average travel-cost parameters work start times rather than actual distributions. Savings tend overestimated primarily but underestimated for when