Collaborative resource management and rural livelihoods around protected areas: A case study of Mount Elgon National Park, Uganda

摘要: Abstract Collaborative resource management agreements (CRMAs) have been introduced to improve people–park relations and enhance rural livelihoods. Based on household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions a review of literature we investigated differences in livelihood assets, park dependence outcomes for households with without CRMAs. We the role environmental incomes (PEI) poverty alleviation factors influencing dependency PEI. Results revealed significant assets but no outcomes. People report that PEI average constitute 18% total incomes. Poor higher it reduces income inequality by 13%. CRMAs positive effect relative income. In areas CRMAs, taungya farming bee keeping practiced as part increase annual 26% 28% respectively potential pathways out poverty. However, impact is still low due their limited scale coverage targeting criteria which limits access communities high resources levels conflict.