Intrinsic rippling enhances static non-reciprocity in a graphene metamaterial

摘要: In mechanical systems, Maxwell-Betti reciprocity means that the displacement at point B in response to a force A is same as applied B. Because notion of general, fundamental, and operant for other physical systems like electromagnetics, acoustics, optics, there significant interest understanding are not reciprocal, or exhibit non-reciprocity. However, most studies on non-reciprocity have occurred bulk-scale structures dynamic problems involving time reversal symmetry. As result, little known about mechanisms governing static non-reciprocal responses, particularly atomically-thin two-dimensional materials graphene. Here, we use classical atomistic simulations demonstrate out-of-plane ripples, which intrinsic graphene, enable significant, multiple orders magnitude enhancements statically graphene metamaterials. Specifically, find striking interplay between ripples stress fields induced metamaterials due their geometry impacts displacements transmitted by metamaterial, thus leading significantly enhanced response. This study demonstrates potential symmetry-breaking applications.