Sleep and Anesthesia: A Consideration of States, Traits, and Mechanisms

摘要: Sleep and anesthesia are distinct states of consciousness that share numerous traits. Like anesthesia, sleep is characterized by the loss consciousness, behavioral immobility little recall environmental events. However, unlike a spontaneous endogenous process, shows homeostatic circadian regulation, can be reversed with external stimuli does not eliminate sensitivity to pain. As opposed historical viewpoint as passive process consisting mere cessation waking, it now well established actively generated from interaction brain nuclei. There experimental evidence supporting earlier hypothesis effects may also mediated through subcortical nuclei control sleep–wake states. In this chapter, we will elaborate on phenomenology mechanism discussing similarities differences.