Testing the Efficacy of a Multicomponent, Self-Guided, Smartphone-Based Meditation App: Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial.

摘要: Background: A growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest psychological benefits associated with meditation training delivered via mobile health. However, research in this area has primarily focused on mindfulness, only one many meditative techniques. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy 2 versions a self-guided, smartphone-based app—the Healthy Minds Program (HMP)—which includes mindfulness (Awareness), along practices designed cultivate positive relationships (Connection) or insight into nature self (Insight). Methods: three-arm, fully remote RCT compared 8 weeks HMP conditions (Awareness+Connection and Awareness+Insight) waitlist control. Adults (≥18 years) without extensive previous experience were eligible. The primary outcome was distress (depression, anxiety, stress). Secondary outcomes social connection, empathy, compassion, self-reflection, insight, rumination, defusion, mindfulness. Measures completed at pretest, midtreatment, posttest between October 2019 April 2020. Longitudinal data analyzed using intention-to-treat principles maximum likelihood. Results: total 343 participants 186 (54.2%) least assessment. majority (166/228, 72.8%) those assigned downloaded app. did not differ from another terms changes any outcome. Relative control, showed larger improvements distress, connectedness, measures theoretically linked (d=–0.28 0.41; Ps≤.02), despite modest exposure connection- insight-related practice. results robust some assumptions about nonrandom patterns missing data. Improvements days use. Candidate mediators (social mindfulness) moderators (baseline empathy) identified. Conclusions: provides initial evidence for app reducing improving related well-being, including connectedness. Future studies should attempt increase retention user engagement. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04139005; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04139005