The Botanical Dance of Death: Programmed Cell Death in Plants

摘要: Abstract Programmed cell death (PCD) describes a small number of processes that result in highly controlled, and organised, form cellular destruction, activated every part the plant, throughout its entire life cycle. For example, PCD is critical component many vegetative reproductive developmental processes, senescence programmes, pathogen defence mechanisms stress responses. Cell destruction can manifest as apoptotic-like, necrotic or autophagic death, these are likely to overlap extensively, sharing several regulatory mechanisms. Several key regulators signals have now been revealed, for organelles, including mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum vacuoles shown role controlling activation. Following activation actual dismantling appears involve proteases those with caspase-like, metacaspase, activity. This review will examine current state knowledge about regulation events during plant PCD. We describe numerous examples environmentally induced deaths outline their potential model systems use research programmes. Similarly, range techniques vitro be used identify, quantify, rates reviewed. These identify underlying drive regulate ultimately reveal steps necessary botanical dance death.