Engineered nanomaterials in rivers--exposure scenarios for Switzerland at high spatial and temporal resolution.
作者： F. Gottschalk , C. Ort , R.W. Scholz , B. Nowack
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2011.08.023
关键词: Environmental risk 、 Environmental science 、 Engineered nanomaterials 、 Atmospheric sciences 、 Material flow analysis 、 Risk evaluation 、 Temporal resolution 、 Quantile 、 Hydrology 、 Deposition (aerosol physics) 、 Streamflow
摘要: Abstract Probabilistic material flow analysis and graph theory were combined to calculate predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in Swiss rivers: 543 river sections used assess the geographical variability nano-TiO 2 , nano-ZnO nano-Ag, measurements over a 20-year period at 21 locations served evaluate temporal variation. A conservative scenario assuming no ENM removal an optimistic covering complete transformation/deposition considered. varied by factor 5 due uncertain emissions (15%–85% quantiles emissions) up 10 variations flow). The results indicate highly variable local PECs location- time-dependent risk evaluation. Nano-TiO median ranged from 11 1′623 ng L −1 (conservative scenario) 1′618 ng L (optimistic scenario). equivalent values for nano-Ag factors 14 240 smaller.
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