Variability of the midfacial muscles: Analysis of 50 hemifacial cadaver dissections

摘要: The region of the midface represents a challenging area to both reconstructive and aesthetic surgeons. An anatomic study was performed that attempted identify patterns variations muscular anatomy. goals this were twofold: variability midfacial muscles might impact on efforts attempt correlate anatomy with features overlying soft tissues, specifically nasolabial crease. Fifty hemifacial cadaver dissections performed. information collected assembled into large data base, statistical significance analyzed using Fisher's exact probability test. Results demonstrated that, although great degree exists respect muscles, seven distinct these did emerge. most common pattern presence levator alae nasi, labii superioris, zygomaticus major, which occurred in 44 percent specimens. Specimens possessed risorius, minor, or both, relatively uncommon. consistent levators suggests adding superior vector recreate smile facial reanimation surgery. Two important noted. A bifid major found be present 34 individuals. Because inferior bundle had dermocutaneous insertion, anomaly may represent cheek "dimple." second noted lateral crease, appeared associated cutaneous attachment from underlying platysma muscle. However, no correlation could for muscle crease structure. This lack indicate alone do not dictate structure other dynamic factors are involved determining feature aging face.