Planning for the Long Haul: Investment Strategies for National Energy and Transportation Infrastructures

摘要: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the resulting influence on global climate change have motivated nations throughout world to reconsider how we obtain, move, utilize energy. Use of Sankey diagrams produced annually by Lawrence Livermore National Labs (see https://flowcharts.llnl.gov) indicates that in 2011, energy harvested United States was converted electricity (40%), used for transportation (28%), or heating industrial processes (32%). Similarly, 2010, energy-related CO2 were due electric conversion (33%), (27%). (Including non-CO2 greenhouse-gas does not significantly these percentages.) Because come from combustion fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas), there has been much emphasis reducing reliance shifting some use coal petroleum cleaner-burning gas, along with consumption via efficiency improvements conservation.