Cell and molecular biology of the assembly and secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins by the liver

摘要: Abstract Triglycerides are one of the most efficient storage forms free energy. Because their insolubility in biological fluids, transport between cells and tissues requires that they be assembled into lipoprotein particles. Genetic disruption assembly/secretion pathway leads to several human disorders associated with malnutrition developmental abnormalities. In contrast, patients displaying inappropriately high rates production display increased risk for development atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Insights provided by diverse experimental approaches describe an elegant adaptation basic chemical interactions required overcome thermodynamic dilemma producing a stable emulsion vehicle tissue targeting triglycerides. The mammalian shows absolute requirement for: (1) unique amphipathic protein: apolipoprotein B, form is sufficiently large assemble particle containing neutral lipid core; and, (2) transfer protein (microsomal triglyceride protein-MTP). endoplasmic reticulum B has two distinct metabolic fates: entrance assembly within lumen reticulum; or, degradation cytoplasm ubiquitin-dependent proteasome. destiny determined relative availability individual lipids level expression MTP. dynamically varied cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase indirectly influences rate biosynthesis secretion particles liver.