BREAKTHROUGH OF INDICATOR ORGANISMS FROM SLOW SAND FILTERS AS PART OF A DRINKING WATER PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

摘要: Sub-Saharan Africa has the lowest proportion of population in world with access to potable water, so that there is a dire need for low-cost, low-energy robust treatment technologies drinking water. Constructed wetlands followed by optimized slow sand filtration potential improving raw surface water quality an acceptable level. A laboratory study examined removal Enterococcus durans and environmental coliforms associated heterotrophic bacteria from columns operating different sizes flow conditions. E. far exceeded 90% most systems, better performance column finer size (0.425 mm) continuous flow. 0.425 mm also performed than 0.6 when both were operated intermittently. Removal same trends as observed durans, but roughly four times overall breakthrough. Correction breakthrough data remove effect decay control demonstrated that, cases, was accomplished more static loss culturability. In case coliforms, corrected still below 100%, much higher suggesting extrapolation results single species could produce erroneous estimates other organisms.